This article is the third in a series of Smart Cities - the cities of the future, which is aimed to provide some concrete solutions and applications of smart cities, that are already being applied in the world and tries to describe their contribution to public administration and urban residents. In this article, we focus on two areas of Smart City - Smart Living and Smart Environment.
The European Parliament approved November 23, 2016 the new limits for selected emissions and air pollutants. For Member States resulting from this new commitments to reduce certain emissions in two stages - from 2020 and from 2030. For the Czech Republic based on commitments to the middle threshold in comparison to the commitments of other EU members. Prescribed emission reductions will be mainly sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, ammonia emissions and fine particulate matter (airborne dust).
The article describes the role of coal in the segment of small household heating heat source. Support of brown coal boilers in the framework of subsidies from European funds is in full swing, but many of these boilers failed to comply with the European Commission.
On the other hand, there are mechanisms by which the Czech Republic wants significantly reduce the burning of brown coal in small combustion sources in the foreseeable future. It is most often quoted Czech against-fossil law, but it is not alone one.
Coal prices in Europe rose during 2016 by a staggering 69%. Coal producers suffer from the decreasing demand and are forced to reduce mining. It fell by 10%. Direct response is an increase in coal prices. It can be expected that the coal industry will continue to decline and the forehead will receive renewable energy sources. In renewables has already begun to invest in China. The rise in the price of coal should count and households.
The article describes the formation of various types of impurities (solid, liquid and gaseous) during the gasification of solid fuels. In each type of reactor (refer to article Gasification – principles and reactors) is produced different amount of impurities with different composition. In this article are described formation and chemical composition of the impurities.
Poland still produces about 80 to 90 % of its electricity from coal. Three quarters of European households dependent on coal for heating are in Poland. The government is known for its continuous opposition to any EU legislation aimed at reduction of coal consumption. Every year, however, about forty thousands of people in Poland die from causes directly related to air pollution. Polish cities and towns are covered with heavy smog. Cracow, a city having the third dirtiest air in Europe, has recently adopted an unprecedented ban: a ban on use of solid fuels such as coal and wood for home heating. Is Cracow paving the way for Poland´s independency on coal?
Nuclear fusion is the energy source of the Sun and all other stars. Time is coming when nuclear fusion will produce electricity. A five-part series Mastery of sun describes the state of the art of developing a fusion power plant. Fifth last article deals fuel cycle and the production of electricity. A fusion reactor fuel cycle represents a whole new technology. The first generation of fusion reactors will use lithium placed in the blanket to produce tritium, which will then be separated and used for the fusion reaction. Stocks of fusion fuel are found in the world's oceans and are practically inexhaustible. Fusion power stations will be inherently safe and without negative effects on the environment. The price of electricity production from nuclear fusion will be comparable to the cost of electricity production from nuclear power plants.
Nuclear fusion is the energy source of the Sun and all other stars. Time is coming when nuclear fusion will produce electricity. A five-part series Mastery of sun describes the state of the art of developing a fusion power plant. The fourth article deals with the nuclear components load and design of the power reactor blanket. Thermonuclear plasma is highly stochastic system characterized by a series of confinement failures. The most serious plasma disturbances include the edge localized mode instabilities ELM, vertical displacement events, disruptions and runaway electrons. The following plasma-wall interaction puts high demands on plasma facing materials of the first wall and divertor. The important component of the fusion power reactor also is the reactor blanket, ensuring the removal of energy from the reactor and the production of tritium. There are many design proposals of the blanket, some variants of them will be tested in ITER.
Nuclear fusion is the energy source of the Sun and all other stars. Time is coming when nuclear fusion will produce electricity. A five-part series Mastery of sun describes the state of the art of developing a fusion power plant. The third article focuses on reactor technologies. The main fusion reactor components are the magnetic and vacuum systems. Important support systems include a cryogenic system, plasma heating and current drive system, diagnostic and control systems and nuclear components. The nuclear components are a first wall, divertor, and blanket. Plasma facing components, the first wall, and divertor, are the most loaded parts of the fusion reactor.
Combined power control of central heating includes two components. The condition of successful solutions and the correct operation of dynamic systems is to understand their meaning. The article presents a normally inaccessible information and comprehensive look at this issue from the base of TTV (think-tank heating).
Russia is estimated to have slowly becoming a leading global player in the noble biofuels. Double-digit growth was expected according to the latest figures revises about 2/3 value, which still represents a significant strengthening of the production of wood pellets in the Russian region, but at a slower rate.
Nuclear fusion is the energy source of the Sun and all other stars. Time is coming when nuclear fusion will produce electricity. A five-part series Mastery of sun describes the state of the art of developing a fusion power plant. The second article deals with the basic physics of fusion reactors. Fusion power is a completely new technology, significantly different from other energy sources including nuclear power. For energy use of nuclear fusion, Lawson criteria describing the plasma energy balance and power must be met. A fusion reactor is characterized by some of the specific geometric and physical characteristics that are important for the fusion power reactor.
Nuclear fusion is the energy source of the Sun and all other stars. Time is coming when nuclear fusion will produce electricity. A five-part series Mastery of sun describes the state of the art of developing a fusion power plant. The first article deals with the history of this development. Research on controlled nuclear fusion started after World War II and currently designing the first fusion power plant is ongoing. A global project of the experimental fusion reactor ITER will be followed by the demonstration fusion power plant DEMO. The European Union, the world leader in fusion research, plans to deploy DEMO to 2050.
At the TZB-info appeared article "Smart grid is like yetti, nobody has ever seen him, however we can use the CRC" (collective remote control). There is czech pride on CRC present in the headline as well as scorn towards smart platforms in the energetics. Is the problem really black and white? Can CRC offer the same as smart metering? Are the Czechs ahead of time?
How does the subsidy for boilers with biplanes? It's a fairy tale, and fairy tales are mere fiction. In other words, every author in his tale that might suggest what he wants. This will, inter alia, trying to do a little of the horror genre enjoyable and I hope too that it reduces the possibility for me to sue the speech.
Article features basic relations for determination of heat loss at warmwatter tube with thermal isolation from differences of flue watter temperature and ambient air temperature at planar and cylindric form. Calculation coming-out from coefficient of heat transmission according to coefficient of thermal conductivity and coefficents of heat transfer.
Problems fraudulent coal boilers included in EU subsidies for replacement of old boilers in the Czech Republic has already begun in a big deal in czech media. Czech Television aired May 30, 2016 report on substandard subsidized boiler and identified him as FD Automat by Slovak producer ATTACK, s.r.o.
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